London (and Castle Combe)

The main street in the village of Castle Combe in England, a small road with picturesque stone houses on both sides.

See previous Murakami Fest posts here.

The next chapter (and the final post for this year’s Murakami Fest) is titled “London” (ロンドン), and it’s one of the most interesting chapters in the book so far. The past few chapters have all been relatively short and somewhat focused, so it’s interesting that this longer chapter covers a month-long period that Murakami spends alone in London writing Dance Dance Dance while his wife is back in Japan. Perhaps this makes sense. Just as Murakami devotes long sections of his novels to protagonists spending time by themselves, he also goes into great detail about his own time alone in his memoir:

ロンドンに行ったのはいわば成り行きのようなものだった。ちょっとした事情があって女房がロンドン経由で日本にしばらく帰ることになったので、それを見送りがてら行ってみたのだ。ここには三月の初めから終わりまで、約一ヵ月間滞在したわけだが、僕はそのあいだほとんど誰とも話をせずに、ずっと部屋に籠もって仕事をしていた。長編小説を書いている時はだいたいいつもそうだけれど、誰かと話したいという気もとくには起きなかった。だから僕にとってのロンドンとは、あくまで孤独で寡黙な都市である。そういう印象が骨までしみついている。 (339)

I just kind of ended up in London, as it were. My wife had something to attend and went back to Japan for a while via London, so I went to see her off. Which is how I ended up staying there for around a month from the start of March until the end, and during that period I was cooped up in my room working and hardly spoke with anyone. Whenever I’m writing a full-length novel, that’s almost always the case, but this time I didn’t ever feel a particular need to talk with anyone. So for me, London is a quiet, taciturn city. It left that impression deep within me.

He looks at three apartments and ends up in a small studio right on Abbey Road, which seems extremely fitting for someone who’d just published a bestseller titled Norwegian Wood:

僕はこの部屋で『ダンス・ダンス・ダンス』という長編小説を書きあげた。ラジオ・カセットで音楽を聞き、窓の外のアビーロードを眺めながら、来る日も来る日もワープロのキイをばたばたと叩きつづけた。ここはすごく暖房のよくきいたアパートで、外ではみんなまだコートを着ているというのに、中ではTシャツとショート・パンツという格好でも、まだ汗ばむくらいであった。ときどき窓を開けて、アピーロードの上空に頭を突き出して冷やさなくてはならなかった。 (340)

I finished writing the novel Dance Dance Dance in this room. Day after day I typed away at word processor while listening to music on my tape player and looking out the window at Abbey Road. The heater in this apartment worked incredibly well; everyone outside was still wearing coats, but inside I was sweating in a T-shirt and shorts. Sometimes I had to stick my head out the window into the air above Abbey Road to cool myself down.

Part of the reason he spends so much time alone is because he struggles with the language. He notes that the accent is frequently tough to understand and that Brits, unlike Americans, don’t offer to repeat themselves and slow down. After he writes all day, he runs in Regent’s Park for an hour, cooks himself dinner, and then reads Jack London or goes to see movies and concerts.

He notes the movies: A Time to Die (which Murakami mistakenly calls A Time for Dying), Withnail and I, Killing Time (Poussière d’ange), the six-hour epic Little Doritt.

He also spends this long chapter providing detailed commentary on the concerts and operas. The Royal Philharmonic with Icelandic composer Vladimir Ashkenazy and his son Vovka: meh. (Murakami notes he previously saw Vovka in Athens.) A piano concerto by Stephen Kovacevich at Queen Elizabeth Hall: Schubert, good; Beethoven, boring. Sir Neville Marinner and the Academy of St Martin in the Fields: impressive if a little clean and refined. Tchaikovsky’s Eugene Onegin, and Benjamin Britten’s Billy Budd: both excellent. And one jazz concert by Blossom Dearie at the now defunct Pizza on the Park: charming.

After finishing the novel, he takes one short trip to Bath where he rents a bike and cycles the 10 miles to Castle Combe. The hotels there are full, so he’s forced to head to the next village, where it looks like he may have stayed at The White Hart in Ford on Palm Sunday. The bike is in poor condition, and on the way back he’s forced to walk it the last five kilometers.

At the end of the chapter, we get a very small closing section about submitting the novel, which feels very different from his submission of Norwegian Wood:

郵便局に行ってプリントアウトした小説の原稿を東京に送ってから(原稿を送るにあたってイタリアの郵便システムを避けたのも、ロンドンまで来た理由の一つである)、三月の末に僕は一人でローマに戻った。 (347-348)

I went to the post office and sent a printed copy of my novel manuscript to Tokyo (avoiding the Italian postal system was another reason I came to London) before returning to Rome alone at the end of March.

So between Norwegian Wood and Dance Dance Dance, Murakami shifts from handwritten manuscript submissions to printed copies. Remember, he rewrote a second draft of Norwegian Wood completely by hand before delivering it in person in Bologna.

Given Murakami’s immediate moonshot into celebrity-level success after Norwegian Wood, perhaps it’s a fitting shift, from small, cold apartments across the Mediterranean while writing that novel, to a toasty London flat where he spent his evenings at concerts and operas.

This book has its ups and downs, but it’s fascinating throughout, and I can’t wait to read more. That’s it for Murakami Fest 2025. I may be posting other pieces throughout the year, but definitely check back in 2026 for more.

いただき

The newsletter is out, and the podcast is online:

This month I wrote about いただき (itadaki). Yes, just いただき. I had this bizarre internal sense that いただき was a more commonly used, potentially more natural phrase when thanking someone for something they did, and I ended up being able to confirm this hunch with some (very unscientific) data.

I was reminded once again, however, of exactly how important context is for something even as simple as a phrase like 買ってもらった (katte moratta).

While digging through the internet as I was writing, I stumbled upon a Yahoo Chiebukuro post showing the three meanings verbs of receiving can take:

①(自分の代わりに人に)買ってきてもらった。
②(相手が)買ったのを貰った。(=プレゼント)
③(自分の所有物を相手に)買ってもらった。

1. They went and bought something (in place of me going and buying it)
2. I received what they bought (= a present)
3. I received them buying (something that I owned)

Who is buying what where and from/for whom can really vary! And this phrase can mean all of these things. It’s never quite as simple as you’d hope. Context is queen/king.

And of course, ironically, I found an example of くださり that is topically relevant to podcast content. I introduced the website/app Jimoty on the podcast this month as a convenient way to get rid of stuff for free in Japan (assuming you live in a major metropolis), and I was looking through my reviews out of curiosity. I only have one review, but it’s a five star review from when I bought a used Instant Pot just after moving to Osaka.

Here’s the review:

雨の中取りに来てくださりありがとうございました!

Thanks for coming to pick up (the Instant Pot) in the rain!

So perhaps this gives us additional content. いただき is the perfect level of politeness for workplace thanks, while くださり is a slightly heightened casual politeness, one half rank above くださって? That’s the best that I can do right now. In the end, you can keep using くださって without any real penalty. Your point will be made and it will be polite. So don’t sweat any of this too much.

Mix Tapes

A black and white photo of the R&B band The Dells.
The Dells

Week 4 of Murakami Fest 2025. See past posts here.

In the last chapter, we got an episodic look at a few days before Christmas in Rome. Next Murakami gives us an overall view of the whole winter in this chapter titled “Winter Deepens” (冬が深まる). He starts writing Dance Dance Dance on December 17 and spends all winter writing as he battles off multiple colds. But the writing goes pretty well.

年も押し迫った十二月十七日から『ダンス・ダンス・ダンス』という長編小説を書き始める。

長編小説を書くときはいつも同じパターンである。「書きたいな」というぼんやりとした気持ちが自分の中で少しずつ高まってきて、そしてある日「さあ、今日から書こう」ときっぱりと思う。僕の場合、細かい構成とか筋書きよりは、この臨界点の見極めを大事にする。

『ノルウェイの森』とは違って、『ダンス・ダンス・ダンス』の場合は書き始める前にまずタイトルが決まった。このタイトルはビーチボーイズの曲から取ったと思われているようだが、本当の出所は(どちらでもいいようなものだけれど)ザ・デルズという黒人パンドの古い曲である。

日本を出発する前に、家にある古いレコードをひっかき集めて自家製オールディーズ・テープを作っていったのだが、その中にこの曲がたまたま入っていた。いかにも昔風リズム・アント・ブルースというタイプの曲である。のんびりとしていて、ざらっとした雑な感じで、その辺が不思議に黒っぽい。その曲をローマで毎日聴くともなくぼんやり聴いているうちに、タイトルにふとインスパイアされて書き始めたのだ。もちろんピーチポーイズにも同じ題の曲があることは知っていたけれど(高校生のときによく聴いた)、直接的な始まりはこのデルズの曲の方である。

この小説は始めから終わりまでだいたいすんなりと気持ち良く書けたと思う。『ノルウェイの森』は僕としてもそれまでに書いたことのないタイプの作品だったし、「この小説はいったいどういう風に受け入れられるんだろう」とあれこれ考えながら書いたのだけれど、この『ダンス・ダンス・ダンス』に関しては、そんなことはまったく考えずに、自分の書きたいようにのびのびと好きに書いた。隅から隅まで僕自身のスタイルの文章だし、登場してくる人物も『風の歌を聴け』『1973年のピンポール』『羊をめぐる冒険』と共通している。だから久し振りに自分の庭に戻ってきたみたいで、すごく楽しかった。というか、書くという行為をこれほど素直に楽しんだことは、僕としても稀である。(334-335)

As the year drew to a close, I began writing a novel titled Dance Dance Dance on December 17.

Whenever I write a novel, it’s the same pattern. The feeling that “I want to write” gradually builds somewhere within me, and then one day, I decide, “All right, today we start to write.” For me, being able to discern this critical point is more important than having a detailed structure or a plot.

Unlike Norwegian Wood, with Dance Dance Dance, I chose the title before I started writing. Many believe I took this title from the Beach Boys song, but the actual source was an old song by the African-American band The Dells (although it doesn’t matter much which of the two it was).

Before I left Japan, I made some homemade oldies tapes from old records I scratched together around the house, and that song was on one of them. It’s an old school R&B song through and through. It’s relaxed and kind of rough, which gives it a strange darkness. I just kind of had that song on in the background every day when I was in Rome, and I started writing inspired by the title. Of course I knew that the Beach Boys had a song with the same title (I listened to it when I was in high school), but the direct beginning was this Dells song.

From start to finish, writing this novel was a smooth, pleasant experience. Norwegian Wood was a kind of writing I’d never done before, so while I was writing, I kept wondering, “What the heck are people going to think of this?” but with Dance Dance Dance, that never entered my mind and I wrote without any worries exactly the way I wanted to write. Every last sentence is my own style, and the characters are the same as in Hear the Wind Sing, Pinball, 1973, and A Wild Sheep Chase. So it felt like returning to a garden I’d kept after a long while. It was a lot of fun. I guess even for me it’s rare to enjoy the act of writing in such a straightforward way.

Such an interesting, rich passage. Murakami’s experience strikes me as both very modern and at the same time ancient. Music had become more portable than it would have been 20 and maybe even just 10 years prior (the Walkman came out in 1979) when he would have had to bring all his records, but it still requires Murakami to do some work. These days we have access to our entire collections—and basically the entirety of all human musical output—in a single pocketable device. Music conversion concerns are extinct when it comes to international moves, except for very niche and marginal exceptions.

The idea of Murakami wandering around Europe hooked up to a constant cycle of jazz, classical, and R&B, on the other hand, is an idea that feels very familiar and is basically identical to my experience living in Japan from 2003-2010, more or less. From around 2008 or so onward, I did start to include podcasts in my regular rotation, but I had a Discman when I studied abroad and rented CDs from Tsutaya. On JET, I was still collecting CDs (and went notably deep into Thelonious Monk) but had iPods I could stock with songs.

I wonder about distraction. Murakami must’ve been distracting himself with music to a certain extent, just as I was/am. It makes me want to seek boredom, in a very Craig Mod-inspired way. Maybe that would be best.

The rest of the chapter is about the miserable winter. They end up catching a cold after standing in line for four hours to get tickets to see Maurizio Pollini, who ends up being underwhelming. Murakami mentions a superlative Tokyo performance by Sviatoslav Richter as a contrast.

He notes that writing in the cold is the opposite of what writing Norwegian Wood was like, and mentions he’s writing on a word processor:

僕はあまりに寒いのでオーパーコートを着て机に向かい、ぱたぱたとワートプロセッサーのキイを叩きつづけた。シシリーで『ノルウェイの森』を書いたときとは正反対である。あのときは暖かくて暖かくて、机に向かいながら、頭がぼおっとしていた。今回は寒くて、ワードプロセッサーのキィを打ちそこねるくらいである。(336)

I was so cold that I wore an overcoat at my desk as I punched away at the keys on the word processor. It was the polar opposite of writing Norwegian Wood in Sicily. It was so, so hot then that I found my mind wandering off while sitting there. This time it was so cold that I thought I might break the keyboard.

The Murakamis spend the winter dreaming of onsen and life in Hawaii, which is actually the reason that Dance Dance Dance features scenes in Hawaii; Murakami was trying to mentally stave off the cold. But he notes that he cannot return to Japan until the novel is complete. Once he starts, he has to keep going: 日本に帰ったら、またペースが乱されてしまう (337). (If I went back to Japan, my pace would be totally thrown off.)

A couple other very minor notes. Murakami mentions the bombing of Korean Air 858 and the dollar weakening to 123 yen. They were keeping their cash in dollars, so this affects their day to day to a certain extent, although I assume most of Murakami’s earnings were in yen, which would have been to his benefit. This is the period of time when the dollar-yen exchange rate dropped into the range that we’re currently familiar with after spending decades in the 200-360 yen/dollar range.

Ponte Milvio Market

A photo of Ponte Milvio in Rome.

Week 3 of Murakami Fest 2025. Check out the previous entries here.

The next chapter is a very short essay titled ポンテ・ミルヴィオの市場 (Ponte Milvio Market). It’s December 22, and the Murakamis are doing some pre-Christmas shopping because all the stores in Rome close on Christmas Day and Boxing Day, much like New Year’s in Japan, Murakami notes.

This is still the case in 2025 in Japan. Both of the major supermarkets near my old apartment closed from January 1-3 a few years ago. This site from Nagoya provides an interesting grid breakdown for the city’s supermarkets, and I think this is probably representative of Japan more widely.

This is all to say, I wonder if things in Rome are still like this or if more and more stores have started to remain open during the holidays as in the United States.

So the Murakamis head to Ponte Milvio and stock up on salmon (2,500 yen for just under a kilogram), sardines and squid (7 and 5 respectively for 1,400 yen altogether), and a ton of vegetables. Murakami highlights the restaurants in the area, of which there are a number with varying service but all pretty tasty. After shopping, they have a quick standing coffee before heading home on the bus.

At home, they start to put away/prep the food, and there’s a definite sense that they’re missing the flavors from home:

家に戻るとさっそく下ごしらえにかかる。

僕がいんげんの頭をむしって、茹でる。女房が出刃で(これは日本から持参した)鮭をしわける。すごくいいとろが出たので、わさび醤油につけて台所に立ったまま食べる。こういうのをもぐもぐと食べているとご飯が食べたくなる。ちょうど昨日の残りの冷飯があったので、このとろの刺身と梅干しをおかずにして食べる。じゃあ、イカもも切っちゃおうかということになって、イカも刺身で食べてしまう。このイカは実にとろりとして美味しかった。ゆであがったいんげんも漬物がわりにぽりぽりと食べる。インスタント味噌汁も作る……という具合に台所で立ったまま、簡単に昼食が終わってしまう。こういうのはけっこう美味しいものである。(332-333)

When we get home, we immediately began the prep work.

I tear off the ends of the green beans and boil them. My wife cleans the salmon with a knife (one that we brought from Japan). The resulting toro is extremely good, so we stand around the kitchen and eat it with wasabi and soy sauce. Stuffing ourselves like this makes us want some rice. We happen to have leftover rice from yesterday, so we eat the salmon toro and umeboshi as sides. Might as well cut into the squid, we think, so we have squid sashimi as well. The squid is truly melt-in-your-mouth delicious. We munch on the boiled green beans in place of tsukemono. And as we’re standing there in the kitchen…we decide to mix up some instant miso soup, too. We finish our simple meal. Things like this are pretty delicious.

Murakami goes on to note that they eat more sushi, grilled sardines, and tsukemono for dinner, which is an exception. They mostly live off of pasta.

It’s a nice visual. The two of them standing around their apartment in Rome, devouring this fresh seafood. I do wonder about eating it raw. I’m not sure I’d be bold enough to eat sashimi prepared from a random outdoor market. Although I guess I probably have without realizing it. Most of the raw fish I’ve eaten in Japan probably traveled through any number of markets, and I did see what Tsukiji was like before it moved, as far back as 2003 when it was truly a Wild West and you risked your life to get a glimpse of the giant frozen maguro. So maybe this isn’t quite as much of a gastronomic risk as I initially thought.

It does look like the Ponte Milvio Market is still alive and kicking, with both produce and antiques.

Beggars in Rome

An image of the drawing "Nobleman Giving Alms to Beggar in Piazza near the Coliseum" by Conrad Martin Metz in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Week 2 of Murakami Fest 2025. Check out previous entries here.

The next chapter is “What exactly is the end of the year in Rome?” (ローマの歳末とはいかなるものか), and Murakami spends it discussing exactly what the title suggests. Italy, like Japan, exchanges a lot of presents at the end of the year and gets very crowded with shoppers, but mercifully there is no Christmas music. Murakami buys bottles of wine for the doormen at his apartment and sees immediate effects when they are extremely courteous for the next week.

The rest of the chapter, other than a short section at the end, is about the beggars in Italy that seem to increase greatly in number at the end of the year. Murakami highlights the different varieties of beggars (mothers with small children, old women, those who pretend to be hurt, and people who play instruments). It’s difficult to tell exactly what tone Murakami is taking here. Clearly this is something he notices because of how distinct it is from the situation in Japan, where you rarely see anyone begging on the streets. However, he does seem to make light of them in several places, asking what they do the rest of the year, noting that all the mothers with children look alike, and passing on a story from a friend that suggests they “rent” children to help with begging.

Murakami ends the chapter with a very short profile of his landlady Lynne, an Englishwoman who has married a man from Naples and is living in Rome. He brings her up after an aside noting how exhausting it is to go out in the city—just as it is in Tokyo. And then the chapter ends in a very abrupt fashion. This could be Murakami poking fun at himself, but I doubt it. Lynne is a caricature of sorts of the disaffected expat. Someone who’s been away from home forever yet is miserable in their chosen home.

The chapter isn’t really Murakami complaining in the same sense. I think instead he sees himself in a reporting mode and just happened to encounter his landlady, who is then subject to his gaze.

At any rate, here’s Murakami discussing this view that he seems to be taking:

世の中はさまざまな実際的な哲学がある。じっと街をみているとなにかしら学ぶことがある。東京の街で立ち止まってじっと何かを見ていたりしたら、変な顔をされることが多いけれど、ここローマではそういうことはない。みんなよく立ち止まって何かをじっと見ている。女房がマックス・マーラやらポリーニやらのウィンドウをじっともの欲しげに見ているあいだ、僕は通りを向いてじっと乞食の様子を観察する。ひとにはそれぞれの人生の方向性というのものがある。 (327-328)

There are countless pragmatic philosophies out there. Look hard enough at a city and you’ll learn something. If you come to a stop in Tokyo and stare at something, you get a lot of strange looks, but that’s not the case here in Rome. Everyone stops and stares at things. While my wife looks longingly at the items in the windows of Max Mara or Pollini, I turn toward the street and closely observe the beggars. Everyone has their own direction in life.

Less than stellar material, but there will be more interesting sections in the coming weeks.

TV and Beethoven Tickets

Year 18 of Murakami Fest. Murakami Fest can legally vote. Wild. See the previous entries in Murakami fest here. This year, I’m continuing my look at his travel memoir Distant Drums.

A view of Piazza San Pietro with blue sky, taken in 1987.
Rome in 1987, via Wikimedia Commons.

The Murakamis are back in Rome for the winter, and the first thing on the to-do list is buying a television in this chapter titled “TV, Gnocchi, Prêtre” (テレビ、ニョッキ、プレートル). Murakami says he needs a more active source of news, particularly for the transportation information (there are lots of strikes) and the weather. In Japan he could just dial a number on the phone to get access to the information.

Strangely enough, it looks like this service may have just ended. NTT, at least, ended their 177 service on March 31 of this year after being in service for 70 years. An NHK news article notes that the usage of this service peaked in 1988 (the last year of Murakami’s trip to Europe) at over 300 million calls and fell to 5.56 million by 2023 (which still seems like a lot!). Thus, our bizarre look at Japan’s history through Murakami’s travel memoir continues.

Murakami spends some time describing Italian public TV and the newscasters who are all quite animated and colorful (which he claims to be able to detect despite the fact that he buys a black and white TV).

He then shifts into a trip to Bologna for gnocchi. He highlights how pleasant it is to travel there because there are fewer tourists and because he’s found some decent restaurants. He ends the chapter with two music anecdotes. After watching The Sicilian in Bologna, he walks through town and stumbles on a Lee Konitz concert in the basement of a random osteria. Unfortunately it’s sold out. Later, back in Rome, he and his wife go to see Georges Prêtre conducting the Orchestra dell’Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia.

This chapter is only OK. The sections on Italian TV—in particular the dramatic, aging weatherman—are probably the most interesting, but they border on caricature. The Bologna trip is mostly told in exposition. But taken together, there are two interesting stories that speak to the buying power of the yen, the economic mindset that Murakami was in at the time, and the (universal-ish?) experience of having life in a foreign country influence your perception of costs.

First, Murakami talks about buying a TV, and he’s operating on a particularly Japanese mindset:

でもわざわざ高いテレビを買うのもばかばかしいから、まず近所の中古電気屋をのぞきにいく。日本の量販店なんかだと小さいテレビなら二万円くらい出せば買えるからそのつもりで行ったのだが、これが思ったよりかなり高い。やたらでかくって古色蒼然としたのが三万円もする。画像もちょっとぼけてる。日本だったら絶対にスクラップという代物である。僕は昔、これよりずっと鮮明に映るやつを国分寺駅近くのごみ捨て場で拾って帰ったことがある。仕方ないから一番安い白黒の新品を買うことにした。ニュースと天気予報がわかりゃいいんだから色なんてあってもなくても同じである。 (314-315)

But it would also be ridiculous to buy an expensive television, so first I checked out the local used electronics store. At the big box stores in Japan, you could pick up a small TV for about 20,000 yen, so that’s what I had in mind when I went, but they were much more expensive than I thought. A TV much larger than I needed with a dim, faded screen ran 30,000 yen. The picture was a little warped as well. If this was Japan, it would’ve been on the scrapheap. A long time ago, I managed to go home with a TV with much clearer picture that I picked up at a garbage drop off near Kokubunji Station. Now I didn’t have a choice, so I decided to but the cheapest new black and white model. All I needed it for was the news and weather report, so it made no difference if it was color or not.

This reminds me of an anecdote from Matt Alt’s book Pure Invention of being able to score very lightly used electronics on trash day in Bubble-era Japan. Interesting to see Italy in a very different situation when it comes to the ubiquity of electronics and their costs.

It does seem like living in Italy has started to influence Murakami’s perception of costs a bit. He’s potentially started to anchor toward the cheaper cost of living, as shown when he goes to get tickets for the orchestra:

十二月六日、日曜日、ローマでジョールジュ・プレートル指揮の聖テチリア・オーケストラを聴きに行く。演奏曲目はベートーヴェンの交響曲の五番と六番という凄まじいというか何というか、かなりのものだけれど、年末でもあることだしベートーヴェンをまとめて聴くのも悪くないんじゃないかという感じで前日にヴァチカンの前にある聖チェチリアのホールまで切符を買いに行った。値段は5500円、3900円、2200円だが残念ながらいちばん高い券しか残っていない。それも前例のはしっこの方である。それで女房と二人で随分迷ったのだけれど、年末だからまあいいか(何がどういいのかよくわからないけど)、とあきらめて買ってしまう。どうしてかはわからないけれど、外国にいると知らず知らずだんだん生活がつつましくなってくる。東京にいると一万円のチケットでもさっさっと買っちゃうのに。 (321)

On Sunday, December 6, we went to hear Georges Prêtre conducting the Orchestra dell’Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome. The selection was Beethoven’s 5th and 6th Symphonies—which I guess you might qualify as staggering works, at any rate quite major—it was the end of the year, and hearing a number of Beethoven pieces at once sounded like it would be nice, so the day before we went to Saint Cecilia Hall in front of the Vatican to buy tickets. The prices were 5,500 yen, 3,900 yen, and 2,200 yen, but unfortunately only the most expensive were left. And those were on the edge of the front row. My wife and I had a lot of trouble making up our minds, but it was the end of the year so we thought it was fine (what was fine, I couldn’t say exactly), so we ended up buying them. I don’t know why, but when we’re living in a foreign country, our lifestyle gets increasingly frugal without even realizing it. Despite the fact that in Tokyo we’d shell out 10,000 yen for a ticket without a second thought.

So the cost of electronics is expensive in Italy, but the orchestra is relatively affordable. The opposite of in Japan. To provide some reference, in December 1987, the yen was around 130 JPY/USD.